Auf dem Weg in die Berufstätigkeit standen Frauen aus dem Bürgertum lange Zeit vor allem pädagogische Berufe offen und da die meisten als Mädchen eine fundierte musikalische Ausbildung erhielten, lag Musikpädagogik nahe. Als Musik- und Gesangsinstitut, Musikakademie oder Gesangs- und Opernschule sind in Adressbüchern, Werbeanzeigen und weiteren Quellen des 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhunderts private Musikschulen omnipräsent, denn eine breite Nachfrage an Musikunterricht war - bis zum Siegeszug von Grammophon und Radio - stets vorhanden. In dieser gesellschaftlichen Ausgangslage eröffneten auch zahlreiche Frauen ihre eigenen Musikschulen, die mit Unterrichtsangebot und Konzerten ein fester Bestandteil des Musiklebens in Städten wie Leipzig, Dresden, Erfurt oder Halle waren. Zudem leisteten viele dieser Institutionen wichtige Beiträge bei der Professionalisierung von Musikpädagogik um die Jahrhundertwende. Dieses Buch trägt zur musikbezogenen Sozialgeschichte des Kaiserreichs neue gendersensible Einsichten bei: Neben berufs- und gesellschaftsgeschichtlichen Fragen zu den Musikschulleiterinnen und ihren Musikschulen steht auch die ökonomische Komponente von Musikkultur und Musikpädagogik im Fokus.

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The European Investment Bank is the world’s biggest multilateral investor. This report lays out the EU bank’s priorities and details its investments in the projects that support those policy goals. The European Investment Bank devotes more than half its financing to climate action and environmental sustainability. The Bank aims to support the transition to renewable energy sources such as geothermal, hydroelectric, and wind power. Despite challenging investment conditions in the European Union, the European Investment Bank supports firms in their transitions to a greener economy and in addressing climate change. The report provides a breakdown of the European Investment Bank’s finance contracts signed within the European Union and beyond it, as well as information on financing and borrowing activities.

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There is good news and bad news in the renewable energy industry. We have made a lot of progress in green energy over the past few years as technologies have improved and the costs of production have fallen. But we are not doing enough. Fatih Birol, Director of the International Energy Agency, writes that despite progress, renewables still have a long way to go. We need much more action to make sure that everyone has access to energy and that we slow climate change, reduce pollution and make the world sustainable. This is the sixth essay in the Big Ideas series created by the European Investment Bank. The EIB has invited international thought leaders to write about the most important issues of the day. These essays are a reminder that we need new thinking to protect the environment, promote equality and improve people’s lives around the globe.

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There is good news and bad news in the renewable energy industry. We have made a lot of progress in green energy over the past few years as technologies have improved and the costs of production have fallen. But we are not doing enough. Fatih Birol, Director of the International Energy Agency, writes that despite progress, renewables still have a long way to go. We need much more action to make sure that everyone has access to energy and that we slow climate change, reduce pollution and make the world sustainable. This is the sixth essay in the Big Ideas series created by the European Investment Bank. The EIB has invited international thought leaders to write about the most important issues of the day. These essays are a reminder that we need new thinking to protect the environment, promote equality and improve people’s lives around the globe.

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O setor bancário brasileiro possui características muito específicas em relação aos bancos instalados em outros países. Na segunda metade da década de 1990, com a entrada dos bancos estrangeiros no país, iniciou-se um processo de reestruturação bancária, que acarretou importantes mudanças na estrutura e nos padrões de concorrência do setor. Neste livro são analisadas a evolução e a forma de atuação dos maiores bancos após esse processo de reestruturação, considerando o tipo de controle, se público, privado nacional ou privado estrangeiro.

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This book takes a taxpayer's perspective to the relations taxation creates between people and their state. Larsen proposes that in order to understand tax compliance and cheating, we have to look beyond law, psychological experiments and surveys to include tax collectors and taxpayers' practices. The text explores the view of taxes seen as citizen’s explicit economic relation to the state and implicit economic relation to all other compatriots. Larsen suggests how to build and increase tax compliance if we take the idea of taxation creating reciprocal relations seriously.

The empirical cases are based on ethnography from two opposing tax practices in Sweden. Firstly, from a study of analysts, auditors, legal experts and managers at the Swedish Tax Agency and how they, quite successfully, strive for legitimacy in their tax collecting activities in society. Secondly, from fieldwork among a group of middle-aged Swedes and how they justify their tax-cheating when purchasing work off the books. Sweden is a modern society seen as particularly rational and the least prone to worry about survival issues; they trust their government and fellow citizens. Sweden is therefore an important country to look at as an example of tax compliance and whether other countries showing a continuous inclination towards these values will follow their lead.

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This book takes a taxpayer's perspective to the relations taxation creates between people and their state. Larsen proposes that in order to understand tax compliance and cheating, we have to look beyond law, psychological experiments and surveys to include tax collectors and taxpayers' practices. The text explores the view of taxes seen as citizen’s explicit economic relation to the state and implicit economic relation to all other compatriots. Larsen suggests how to build and increase tax compliance if we take the idea of taxation creating reciprocal relations seriously.

The empirical cases are based on ethnography from two opposing tax practices in Sweden. Firstly, from a study of analysts, auditors, legal experts and managers at the Swedish Tax Agency and how they, quite successfully, strive for legitimacy in their tax collecting activities in society. Secondly, from fieldwork among a group of middle-aged Swedes and how they justify their tax-cheating when purchasing work off the books. Sweden is a modern society seen as particularly rational and the least prone to worry about survival issues; they trust their government and fellow citizens. Sweden is therefore an important country to look at as an example of tax compliance and whether other countries showing a continuous inclination towards these values will follow their lead.

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Growing inequalities in Europe, even in the most egalitarian countries, are a major challenge threatening the sustainability of urban communities and the competive- ness of European cities. Surprisingly, though, there is a lack of systematic and representative research on the spatial dimension of rising inequalities. This gap is filled by our book project Socio-Economic Segregation in European Capital Cities: East Meets West, with empirical evidence from Amsterdam, Athens, Budapest, London, Madrid, Milan, Oslo, Prague, Riga, Stockholm, Tallinn, Vienna and Vilnius. This introductory chapter outlines the background to this interna- tional comparative research and introduces a multi-factor approach to studying socio-economic segregation. The chapter focuses on four underlying universal structural factors: social inequalities, global city status, welfare regime and the housing system. Based on these factors, we propose a hypothetical ranking of segregation levels in the thirteen case study cities. As the conclusions of this book show, the hypothetical ranking and the actual ranking of cities by segregation levels only match partly; the explanation for this can be sought in context-specific factors which will be discussed in-depth in each of the case study chapters.

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Africa is embarking upon a period in which its political, economic and social outlook will transform. The European Investment Bank is a key part of the EU toolbox that for decades has helped make the partnership between Africa and Europe stronger. We aim to maximise our potential as the EU bank, so that we can join our African partners in addressing today’s critical challenges together and embrace our opportunities. This publication lays out our track record in Africa and our vision for our future partnership with the continent.

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A Precarious Game is an ethnographic examination of video game production. The developers that Ergin Bulut researched for almost three years in a medium-sized studio in the U.S. loved making video games that millions play. Only some, however, can enjoy this dream job, which can be precarious and alienating for many others. That is, the passion of a predominantly white-male labor force relies on material inequalities involving the sacrificial labor of their families, unacknowledged work of precarious testers, and thousands of racialized and gendered workers in the Global South. A Precarious Game explores the politics of doing what one loves. In the context of work, passion and love imply freedom, participation, and choice, but in fact they accelerate self-exploitation and can impose emotional toxicity on other workers by forcing them to work endless hours. Bulut argues that such ludic discourses in the game industry disguise the racialized and gendered inequalities on which a profitable transnational industry thrives. Within capitalism, work is not just an economic matter, and the political nature of employment and love can still be undemocratic even when based on mutual consent. As Bulut demonstrates, rather than considering work simply as a matter of economics based on trade-offs in the workplace, we should consider the question of work and love as one of democracy rooted in politics.

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<div><div><div>No questions are more pressing today than the ethical dimensions of global capitalism in relation to an unevenly secularized modernity.&nbsp;<i>A Tale of Two Capitalisms</i>&nbsp;offers a timely response to these questions by reexamining the intellectual history of capitalist economics during the nineteenth century. Rajan’s ambitious book traces the neglected relationships between nineteenth-century political economy, anthropology, and literature in order to demonstrate how these discourses buttress a dominant narrative of self-interested capitalism that obscures a submerged narrative within political economy. This submerged narrative discloses political economy’s role in burgeoning theories of religion, as well as its underlying ethos of reciprocity, communality, and just distribution.</div><br><div>Drawing on an impressive range of literary, anthropological, and economic writings from the eighteenth through the twenty-first century, Rajan offers an inventive, interdisciplinary account of why this second narrative of capitalism has so long escaped our notice. The book presents an unprecedented genealogy of key anthropological and economic concepts, demonstrating how notions of sacrifice, the sacred, ritual, totemism, and magic remained conceptually intertwined with capitalist theories of value and exchange in both sociological and literary discourses.</div><br><div>Rajan supplies an original framework for discussing the ethical ideals that continue to inform contemporary global capitalism and its fraught relationship to the secular. Its revisionary argument brings new insight into the history of capitalist thought and modernity that will engage scholars across a variety of disciplines.</div></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;</div></div>

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Hace 12 años, la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (uaem) dio inicio a uno de los proyectos de mayor trascendencia a nivel institucional en el marco de las funciones sustantivas y adjetivas, expresadas en su Ley Orgánica y establecidas en el artículo 3° constitucional, con lo que esta Casa de Estudios no sólo reafirma el fuerte compromiso con la formación, preservación y difusión del patrimonio intelectual y cultural, sino también da pasos firmes para posicionarse a la vanguardia en la transición que experimentan las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES) en la denominada sociedad de la información y el conocimiento.

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In the context of urban sustainable development, the "details" of sustainability's current expressions perpetuate environmental injustice, untenable growth, and the destruction of functioning ecosystems. In response to this state of affairs, <i>Adventures in Sustainable Urbanism</i> aims to prompt new debates about the consequences of sustainable urbanism as it moves from planning to practice. Contributors explore policy, practice, and experience from cities around the world, including Calgary, Christchurch, Dortmund, Vancouver, and others. Written by scholars who live in these cities, chapters offer empirically rich descriptions for opening up new lines of thinking, theorizing, and debate about the sustainable city and its actual material expressions in place. By examining the sustainable city through various analytical framings, contributors urge readers to move from viewing the sustainable city as something everyone can agree on, to a highly politicized and contested process. Additional resources are provided for readers who may wish to extend their own research into a city or theme.

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Moving far beyond predominant views of Africa as a place to be 'saved', and even more recent celebratory formulations of it as 'rising', African Luxury: Aesthetics and Politics highlights and critically interrogates the visual and material cultures of lavish and luxurious consumption already present on the continent. Methodologically, conceptually and analytically, the collection dismantles taken-for-granted ideas that the West is the source and focus of high-end and hyper-desirable material cultures. It explores what the culture of consumption means in Africa in both historical and contemporary contexts, studying diverse luxury phenomena including fashion advertising, reality television, retail, gendered consumption and gardening to re-centre the discussion on existing contemporary luxury cultures across the continent.

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African countries are using technology in many new ways to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This report highlights some of the best digital solutions and estimates the investments required to implement the technology on a wider scale. The European Investment Bank prepared this report with the support of the United Nations Development Programme and the consulting firm BearingPoint.

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Abordando aspectos diferentes, os dois estudos focalizam mecanismos de interpenetração crescente entre o capital agroindustrial e os produtores rurais, as estratégias que os diversos agentes utilizam e o papel das cooperativas dentro desse complexo jogo de forças. [...] [trecho retirado da apresentação do livro]

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The Communist Party dictatorships in Hungary and East Germany sought to win over the “masses” with promises of providing for ever-increasing levels of consumption. This policy—successful at the outset—in the long-term proved to be detrimental for the regimes because it shifted working class political consciousness to the right while it effectively excluded leftist alternatives from the public sphere. This book argues that this policy can provide the key to understanding of the collapse of the regimes. It examines the case studies of two large factories, Carl Zeiss Jena (East Germany) and Rába in Győr (Hungary), and demonstrates how the study of the formation of the relationship between the workers’ state and the industrial working class can offer illuminating insights into the important issue of the legitimacy (and its eventual loss) of Communist regimes.

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Ever wonder how you, as a librarian, can use altmetrics in your day-to-day work?

We certainly have!

While there’s no shortage of excellent altmetrics primers for librarians in existence, we saw a need for a resource to help librarians who want to apply altmetrics in their own work.

This ebook provides the “nuts and bolts” needed to use altmetrics in a variety of library-land scenarios, including:

• Making collection development decisions
• Managing institutional repositories
• Helping faculty assemble evidence for their tenure & promotion packets
• Teaching workshops on altmetrics

In it, we also share our favorite resources for staying up-to-date on altmetrics research and news.

Overall, we share more than one hundred tips, tricks, and examples that you can use to guide your own application of altmetrics in libraries. Enjoy!

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While colonization, protracted war and violent revolution are commonly blamed for Cambodia's failure to modernize its economy in the twentieth century, Margaret Slocomb's Economic History of Cambodia in the Twentieth Century questions whether these circumstances changed the underlying structures and relations of production. She also asks whether economic factors in some way instigated war and revolution. In exploring these issues, the book tracks the erratic path taken by Cambodia's political elite and colonial rulers to develop a national economy. The book closes around 2005, by which time Cambodia had be reintegrated into both the regional and into the global economy as a fully-fledged member of the World Trade Organization.Drawing on resources from the State Archives of Cambodia, this book is relevant to investors, aid workers and development specialists seeking to understand the shift from a traditional to a modern market economy.

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While colonization, protracted war and violent revolution are commonly blamed for Cambodia's failure to modernize its economy in the twentieth century, Margaret Slocomb's Economic History of Cambodia in the Twentieth Century questions whether these circumstances changed the underlying structures and relations of production. She also asks whether economic factors in some way instigated war and revolution. In exploring these issues, the book tracks the erratic path taken by Cambodia's political elite and colonial rulers to develop a national economy. The book closes around 2005, by which time Cambodia had be reintegrated into both the regional and into the global economy as a fully-fledged member of the World Trade Organization.Drawing on resources from the State Archives of Cambodia, this book is relevant to investors, aid workers and development specialists seeking to understand the shift from a traditional to a modern market economy.

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"On this subject, I only knew the excellent little book by the late Schurtz”— Marcel Mauss, 1914, “Les origines de la notion de monnaie”.Heinrich Schurtz’s 1898 book has been a touchstone for economic historians, anthropologists, and philosophers interested in the nature and origins of money in various societies, including Georg Simmel, Max Weber, Marcel Mauss, and Karl Polanyi. Schurtz experimented with concepts about money, going beyond traditional economic paradigms. Drawing on an extensive range of archaeological and ethnographic sources, he reframed a theory of money to include its materiality, symbolic nature, relationship to forms of property, and its dual origin in “outside-” and “inside-money.” While not well known today, it was important to the theorization of money in the first half of the 20th century and its innovative synthesis offers galvanizing questions and insights into how value relations are formed and how currency systems are interrelated."

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Let us introduce you to some of the people who are helping to make a difference and improve lives across sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific and the Overseas Countries and Territories. We speak to a greengrocer in Burkina Faso, look at new climate-resilient social housing in the Dominican Republic and find out how a bank changes things for women who own businesses in Uganda. In 2019, the EIB invested almost €1.4 billion in projects in these regions. In this report, we give a breakdown of where our funding is going and take a close look at the impact of our investments. The Annual Report 2019 on EIB Activity in Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Overseas Countries and Territories should be read in conjunction with the financial statements.

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Let us introduce you to some of the people who are helping to make a difference and improve lives across sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific and the Overseas Countries and Territories. We speak to a greengrocer in Burkina Faso, look at new climate-resilient social housing in the Dominican Republic and find out how a bank changes things for women who own businesses in Uganda. In 2019, the EIB invested almost €1.4 billion in projects in these regions. In this report, we give a breakdown of where our funding is going and take a close look at the impact of our investments. The Annual Report 2019 on EIB Activity in Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Overseas Countries and Territories should be read in conjunction with the financial statements.

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The European Investment Bank is helping African, Caribbean and Pacific countries in parts of society that are sometimes forgotten — young people, women and girls, small companies, rural villages. We are creating opportunities for everyone. In this report, you can meet the people who are making a difference for themselves and for others. There are stories on the COVID-19 pandemic as well as a wider range of healthcare challenges. We speak to the head of the United Nations Development Programme about the Sustainable Development Goals. There are stories about female entrepreneurs in the Dominican Republic and the financing of farmers in Malawi. What all the people and places have in common is the need for good advice and investment. Please read this annual report in conjunction with the financial statements.

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We live in a moment of high anxiety around digital transformation. Computers are blamed for generating toxic forms of culture and ways of life. Once part of future imaginaries that were optimistic or even utopian, today there is a sense that things have turned out very differently. Anti-computing is widespread. This book seeks to understand its cultural and material logics, its forms, and its operations. Anti-Computing critically investigates forgotten histories of dissent – moments when the imposition of computational technologies, logics, techniques, imaginaries, utopias have been questioned, disputed, or refused. It asks why dissent is forgotten and how - under what circumstances - it revives. Constituting an engagement with media archaeology/medium theory and working through a series of case studies, this book is compelling reading for scholars in digital media, literary, cultural history, digital humanities and associated fields at all levels.

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Adel und Armut - diese beiden Begriffe scheinen nicht zusammenzupassen. Wer an Adel in der Zeit des Kaiserreichs denkt, assoziiert zumeist Schlösser, weitläufigen Landbesitz, rauschende Bälle, auf denen elegante Damen in prächtigen Kleidern mit schneidigen Gardeoffizieren tanzen. Der Adel gilt als Elite- und zwar besonders für die Zeit vor 1914, die im Rückblick oft gleichsam als seine letzte Blütezeit erscheint. Dabei handelt es sich aber um ein unvollständiges Bild adliger Lebenswirklichkeiten im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert. Johanna M. Singer zeigt einen anderen Teil der Geschichte des Adels im Kaiserreich, einen Teil, der wenig bekannt ist, der fernab von mondänem Lebensstil und politischem Einfluss stattfand und der den scheinbar so offensichtlichen Zusammenhang von Adel und Elite konterkariert. Er führt uns in die Welt adliger Frauen, die in kleinen Etagenwohnungen lebten, sich kein Dienstpersonal leisten konnten, sondern vielmehr selbst 'in Stellung gehen' mussten. Armut im Adel war in der Zeit um 1900 eine soziale Realität, die insbesondere ledige Frauen und Witwen betraf. Ihre Geschichte wurde bisher noch nicht geschrieben. Die Autorin geht Ursachen, Ausprägungen und Bewältigungsstrategien weiblicher Armut im Adel nach und fragt nicht zuletzt danach, wie die Frauen selbst und ihre Familien, aber auch Standesgenossen und staatliche Stellen mit diesem Phänomen umgingen.

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"Este livro é indicado não apenas para estudantes, profissionais e pesquisadores que trabalhem com Ciência da Informação e Arquitetura da Informação, mas também para todos que militem em áreas como a ciência da computação, comunicação, arquitetura, design gráfico e outras. Os autores, primeiramente, contextualizam as dinâmicas sociotecnológicas pertinentes ao mundo contemporâneo; posteriormente, apresentam a Arquitetura da Informação sob diversos aspectos – discutindo o tema por um viés epistêmico – e discutem a Arquitetura da Informação sob quatro diferentes abordagens – arquitetural, sistêmica, informacional e pervasiva. Por fim, analisam o tema que é objeto central da obra: a Arquitetura da informação pervasiva."

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O livro analisa o processo de modernização da gestão das empresas familiares da cidade de Franca/SP, tendo em vista as mudanças estruturais advindas e impostas pelo processo de reestruturação produtiva a partir dos anos de 1990. As empresas familiares do município foram criadas em períodos propícios ao seu crescimento e desenvolvimento industrial. Na década de 1990, elas foram afetadas pela abertura internacional dos mercados e pelas políticas econômicas voltadas à estabilização da economia brasileira. Nesse contexto, tais empresas foram obrigadas a atender a realidade dos mercados, na expectativa de maior qualidade e menor preço. É essa dinâmica que a autora investiga, com base na pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e de campo.

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An overview and analysis of austerity policies and labor movement resistance in several countries.Austerity policies have become the new norm throughout both the developed and developing world. Indeed, austerity has become the new buzz word in the lexicon of politicians from across the political spectrum. At the same time austerity measures have been met with mass protest, the most famous example of which is the Occupy Movement. In the not-too-distant past it would have been the labor movement at the forefront resisting policies that arguably disproportionally target working people and their families. Throughout the twentieth century it was the labor movement that fought for all working people. However, there is an increasing assumption that the labor movement is unable to adequately defend workers from the onslaught of austerity measures. Austerity and the Labor Movement analyzes whether this assumption is indeed true. Examining the labor movements in the US, UK, Greece, Ireland, and Spain, Michael Schiavone provides a systematic explanation of the appeal of austerity policies in certain circles and why the labor movement in each of these countries has been largely unsuccessful in overturning such policies. He argues that the labor movement needs to make major changes and embrace social movement unionism if it has any hope to stop its decline and have any chance to successfully fight against austerity and neoliberalism more generally.Michael Schiavone is a Lecturer in the School of History and International Relations at Flinders University, Australia, and the author of Sports and Labor in the United States, also published by SUNY Press.

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"A principios del siglo XX el sector agropecuario era, por un gran margen, el más importante de la economía colombiana en cuanto al valor de su producción, el empleo que generaba y su contribución a las exportaciones. A lo largo del siglo, igual que en el resto de América Latina, Colombia tuvo una buena tasa de crecimiento del PIB y un buen aumento en el nivel promedio del ingreso y en otras medidas del bienestar de la población al mismo tiempo que el país se urbanizaba. Al final del siglo Colombia era ya más urbana que rural y su sector agropecuario, aunque más grande en términos absolutos que a principios del siglo, era mucho menor en relación al resto de la economía. Así, que si se consideran sólo las variables agregadas tales como el PIB y el ingreso promedio el desarrollo de Colombia, el curso del siglo XX fue exitoso. Sin embargo, junto con el crecimiento se dieron fallas graves en los aspectos de equidad, justicia y seguridad personal. En el curso del siglo ocurrieron tres grandes olas de violencia que resultaron en cientos de miles de muertos y, especialmente en el caso de la más reciente (desde los años 80 hasta la primera década de este siglo), millones de personas fueron desplazadas a la fuerza. La causa principal de este drama de violencia fue la tierra, su desigual distribución y la falta de un sistema de justicia que asegurara los derechos de propiedad a la misma. Por varios mecanismos, incluyendo la expulsión violenta, muchas familias de bajos ingreso perdieron su tierra y esta pasó a manos de personas con mayor poder político o de grupos armados. La gran concentración histórica de la tierra fue la causa original de una muy alta concentración del ingreso, un aspecto de la sociedad colombiana que se ha mantenido hasta hoy en día. Se han hecho algunos esfuerzos para remediar la desigualdad del control de la tierra, pero ninguno ha dado frutos, así que la desigualdad social se ha mantenido y, tal vez, se ha acentuado a través de los años."

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"A principios del siglo XX el sector agropecuario era, por un gran margen, el más importante de la economía colombiana en cuanto al valor de su producción, el empleo que generaba y su contribución a las exportaciones. A lo largo del siglo, igual que en el resto de América Latina, Colombia tuvo una buena tasa de crecimiento del PIB y un buen aumento en el nivel promedio del ingreso y en otras medidas del bienestar de la población al mismo tiempo que el país se urbanizaba. Al final del siglo Colombia era ya más urbana que rural y su sector agropecuario, aunque más grande en términos absolutos que a principios del siglo, era mucho menor en relación al resto de la economía. Así, que si se consideran sólo las variables agregadas tales como el PIB y el ingreso promedio el desarrollo de Colombia, el curso del siglo XX fue exitoso. Sin embargo, junto con el crecimiento se dieron fallas graves en los aspectos de equidad, justicia y seguridad personal. En el curso del siglo ocurrieron tres grandes olas de violencia que resultaron en cientos de miles de muertos y, especialmente en el caso de la más reciente (desde los años 80 hasta la primera década de este siglo), millones de personas fueron desplazadas a la fuerza. La causa principal de este drama de violencia fue la tierra, su desigual distribución y la falta de un sistema de justicia que asegurara los derechos de propiedad a la misma. Por varios mecanismos, incluyendo la expulsión violenta, muchas familias de bajos ingreso perdieron su tierra y esta pasó a manos de personas con mayor poder político o de grupos armados. La gran concentración histórica de la tierra fue la causa original de una muy alta concentración del ingreso, un aspecto de la sociedad colombiana que se ha mantenido hasta hoy en día. Se han hecho algunos esfuerzos para remediar la desigualdad del control de la tierra, pero ninguno ha dado frutos, así que la desigualdad social se ha mantenido y, tal vez, se ha acentuado a través de los años.

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Bad News for Refugees analyses the political, economic and environmental contexts of migration and looks specifically at how refugees and asylum seekers have been stigmatised in political rhetoric and in media coverage.Through forensic research it shows how hysterical and inaccurate media accounts act to legitimise political action which can have terrible consequences both on the lives of refugees and also on established migrant communities.Based on new research by the renowned Glasgow Media Group, Bad News for Refugees is essential reading for those concerned with the negative effects of media on public understanding and for the safety of vulnerable groups and communities in our society.

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Bad News for Refugees analyses the political, economic and environmental contexts of migration and looks specifically at how refugees and asylum seekers have been stigmatised in political rhetoric and in media coverage.Through forensic research it shows how hysterical and inaccurate media accounts act to legitimise political action which can have terrible consequences both on the lives of refugees and also on established migrant communities.Based on new research by the renowned Glasgow Media Group, Bad News for Refugees is essential reading for those concerned with the negative effects of media on public understanding and for the safety of vulnerable groups and communities in our society.

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In its fifth edition, this report focuses on recent developments in Africa’s banking sectors and the policy options for all stakeholders. The study of banking sectors across all African sub-regions includes the results of the EIB survey of banking groups operating in Africa. Three thematic chapters address challenges and opportunities for financing investment in Africa: Investing sustainably in Africa’s cities; Mobilising agricultural value chain financing in Africa: why and how; Remittances and financial sector development in Africa.

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In its fifth edition, this report focuses on recent developments in Africa’s banking sectors and the policy options for all stakeholders. The study of banking sectors across all African sub-regions includes the results of the EIB survey of banking groups operating in Africa. Three thematic chapters address challenges and opportunities for financing investment in Africa: Investing sustainably in Africa’s cities; Mobilising agricultural value chain financing in Africa: why and how; Remittances and financial sector development in Africa.

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Wie können Betriebspraktika besser in die fachdidaktische Ausbildung von Lehramtsstudierenden integriert werden? Die Dissertation stellt ein hochschuldidaktisches und empirisch geprüftes Konzept für die Lehramtsausbildung in den Fächern Chemie und Physik vor, in dem das Betriebspraktikum erfolgreich als grundlegendes Element der kompetenzorientierten Ausbildung etabliert ist. So können sich Lehramtsstudierende, die in der Arbeitswelt unerfahren sind, mit Hilfe einer didaktischen Arbeitsanalyse die Berufsbilder und Unternehmensabläufe im Betriebspraktikum erschließen. In vier Arbeits- und Denkschritten erkennen und nutzen sie Bildungspotenziale für die Gestaltung von Lehr-Lernprozessen, die einen direkten Bezug zur erlebten Wirklichkeit aufweisen. Das hochschuldidaktische Konzept und seine Ergebnisse leisten einen relevanten Beitrag zur Gestaltung kompetenzorientierter Lehrerbildung.

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Certification emerged from the 1992 Rio Earth Summit amidst great hope that we would finally begin to address the wicked environmental and social problems facing our globe. Despite a proliferation of certification schemes in twenty-five industry sectors over more than twenty years, the environmental and social ills resulting from destructive and irresponsible exploitation of natural and human resources have grown still worse. Beyond Certification reviews the positive aspects of certification, of which there are many. But more important, it argues that we can no longer afford to gloss over its failures. It is powerfully clear we need a very different approach and set of actions to managing wicked problems like deforestation and exploitation. The book offers one alternative model, based on Values, Transparency, Transformation and Verification, and shares stories of how farsighted people in very large corporations in a number of industries have adopted this model to manage natural resources far more responsibly while also benefitting local communities. Part of the power of this model is that the companies work in partnership with an extensive network of NGOs, local communities, suppliers, and other stakeholders to effect needed change. Beyond Certification does not claim that this VT-TV model is the only solution. Rather, it serves to show how new and seemingly radical thinking can resonate so strongly with many people and companies that it catalyzes positive change. It makes the case for our continuing to invest more thought and proactive energy to develop still other approaches to grappling with the serious issues confronting us all, before it is too late.

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Certification emerged from the 1992 Rio Earth Summit amidst great hope that we would finally begin to address the wicked environmental and social problems facing our globe. Despite a proliferation of certification schemes in twenty-five industry sectors over more than twenty years, the environmental and social ills resulting from destructive and irresponsible exploitation of natural and human resources have grown still worse. Beyond Certification reviews the positive aspects of certification, of which there are many. But more important, it argues that we can no longer afford to gloss over its failures. It is powerfully clear we need a very different approach and set of actions to managing wicked problems like deforestation and exploitation. The book offers one alternative model, based on Values, Transparency, Transformation and Verification, and shares stories of how farsighted people in very large corporations in a number of industries have adopted this model to manage natural resources far more responsibly while also benefitting local communities. Part of the power of this model is that the companies work in partnership with an extensive network of NGOs, local communities, suppliers, and other stakeholders to effect needed change. Beyond Certification does not claim that this VT-TV model is the only solution. Rather, it serves to show how new and seemingly radical thinking can resonate so strongly with many people and companies that it catalyzes positive change. It makes the case for our continuing to invest more thought and proactive energy to develop still other approaches to grappling with the serious issues confronting us all, before it is too late.

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What would a world without money look like? This book is a lively thought experiment that deepens our understanding of how money is the driver of political power, environmental destruction and social inequality today, arguing that it has to be abolished rather than repurposed to achieve a postcapitalist future. Grounded in historical debates about money, Anitra Nelson draws on a spectrum of political and economic thought and activism, including feminism, ecoanarchism, degrowth, permaculture, autonomism, Marxism and ecosocialism. Looking to Indigenous rights activism and the defence of commons, an international network of activists engaged in a fight for a money-free society emerges. Beyond Money shows that, by organising around post-money versions of the future, activists have a hope of creating a world that embodies their radical values and visions.

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The decline in birth rates in advanced economies is not a new phenomenon. Between 1880 and 1900 birth rates dropped from 5.5 children per woman to 2.5 children per woman. A further decline from 2.5 to 1.5 or even 1.3 children took much longer – about 80 years. One of the most apparent causes is, however, widely ignored. Beatrice Scheubel tries to fill this gap. According to the so-called Social Security Hypothesis, insurance against the risks of life (i.e. poverty for all sorts of reasons, in particular, age) by the state crowds out all types of private insurance. One of the (vast) different possibilities to privately insure oneself against poverty is having children. That is why it should not be surprising to witness falling birth rates given the sheer magnitude of the welfare state. In this book, Beatrice Scheubel analyses the effects of the first comprehensive system of social security, which was introduced between 1883 and 1891 in Germany.

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The decline in birth rates in advanced economies is not a new phenomenon. Between 1880 and 1900 birth rates dropped from 5.5 children per woman to 2.5 children per woman. A further decline from 2.5 to 1.5 or even 1.3 children took much longer – about 80 years. One of the most apparent causes is, however, widely ignored. Beatrice Scheubel tries to fill this gap. According to the so-called Social Security Hypothesis, insurance against the risks of life (i.e. poverty for all sorts of reasons, in particular, age) by the state crowds out all types of private insurance. One of the (vast) different possibilities to privately insure oneself against poverty is having children. That is why it should not be surprising to witness falling birth rates given the sheer magnitude of the welfare state. In this book, Beatrice Scheubel analyses the effects of the first comprehensive system of social security, which was introduced between 1883 and 1891 in Germany.

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Bologna’s unique political and cultural history helped it forge ahead of most Italian cities with strategic investments in services, health care and education. How well does its focus on sustainability in a range of areas set it up for continued success? This essay provides an overview of the development of the Bologna metropolitan region in recent decades, emphasising the role of urban policy and investment within a wider territorial context — European, national and regional.

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Bologna’s unique political and cultural history helped it forge ahead of most Italian cities with strategic investments in services, health care and education. How well does its focus on sustainability in a range of areas set it up for continued success? This essay provides an overview of the development of the Bologna metropolitan region in recent decades, emphasising the role of urban policy and investment within a wider territorial context — European, national and regional.

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Nos dias de hoje a economia dos serviços, sem a presença da industrialização, tem reproduzido o subdesenvolvimento, como nos países cujas ocupações em expansão não oferecem um horizonte decente e sustentável de futuro justo e democrático a todos. Mesmo nas indústrias de tecnologia das informações e comunicações, os empregos disponíveis são de pequena monta e parcela ainda precários, o que indica o quanto o tema da industrialização segue sendo central para qualquer país que almeja o desenvolvimento.

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A new edition of Kaplan’s landmark study on eighteenth-century French political economy, reissued with a new Foreword by Sophus A. Reinert. Based on research in all the Parisian depots and more than fifty departmental archives and specialized and municipal libraries, Kaplan’s classic work constitutes a major contribution to the study of the subsistence problem before the French Revolution and the political economy of deregulatory reform. Anthem Press is proud to reissued this pathbreaking work together with a significant new historiographic companion volume by the author, “The Stakes of Regulation: Perspectives on ‘Bread, Politics and Political Economy’ Forty Years Later.”
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2019: HSS Backlist Books

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Bristol is a major city and port in the south-west of England. In medieval times, it became the third largest city in the kingdom, behind London and York. Bristol was founded in the late Saxon period and grew rapidly in the 12th and 13th centuries. Initially, seaborne trading links with Ireland and France were particularly significant; later, from the 16th century onwards, the city became a focus for trade with Iberia, Africa, and the New World. This led to the growth of new industries such as brass manufacture, glass production and sugar refining, producing items for export, and processing imported raw materials. Bristol also derived wealth from the slave trade between Africa and the New World. The city has a long history of antiquarian and archaeological investigation. This volume provides, for the first time, a comprehensive overview of the historical development of Bristol, based on archaeological and architectural evidence.Part 1 describes the geological and topographical context of Bristol and discusses evidence for the environment prior to the foundation of the city. The history of archaeological work in Bristol is discussed in detail, as is the pictorial record and the cartographic evidence for the city. In Part 2, a series of period-based chapters considers the historical background and archaeological evidence for Bristol’s development from the prehistoric, Roman, and post-Roman eras through the establishment and growth of Bristol between about 950 and 1200 AD; the medieval city; early modern period; and the period from 1700 to 1900 AD, when Bristol was particularly important for its role in transatlantic trade. Each chapter discusses the major civic, military, and religious monuments of the time and the complex topographical evolution of the city. Part 3 assesses the significance of Bristol’s archaeology and presents a range of themes for future research.

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Egal ob Start-up, KMU oder strategische Geschäftseinheit in einem Konzern – wer tragfähige neue Geschäftsmodelle entwickeln möchte, muss sich eng an den tatsächlichen Bedürfnissen der Zielgruppe orientieren. Dabei hilft es, die eigenen Annahmen immer wieder zu testen, mögliche Lösungen infrage zu stellen und die Geschäftsmodellentwicklung als iterativen Prozess zu verstehen.Dem trägt das hier vorgestellte sechs-phasige Vorgehensmodell Rechnung. Es bietet einen Überblick über verschiedene Tools und Methoden, die für die jeweilige Entwicklungsphase zielführend genutzt werden können.Im Praxisteil werden anschließend die 24 wichtigsten Tools, die sich in der Entwicklungspraxis als besonders tauglich herausgestellt haben, und die Arbeit mit den Tools ausführlich vorgestellt.

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Burgas regularly tops the list of best places to live in Bulgaria. Whether enjoying a walk through the resplendent Sea Garden, relaxing on the beautiful central city beach, or enjoying a drink and fresh grilled fish at one of the many outdoor bars and restaurants, it is easy to see why tourists like it so much. A key challenge for the city, however, is to extend this good feeling to the off-season, when tourists are few, the economy is less animated, and the central area is almost comatose after dark. The city aims to deliver this transformation with its smart city agenda.

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Burgas regularly tops the list of best places to live in Bulgaria. Whether enjoying a walk through the resplendent Sea Garden, relaxing on the beautiful central city beach, or enjoying a drink and fresh grilled fish at one of the many outdoor bars and restaurants, it is easy to see why tourists like it so much. A key challenge for the city, however, is to extend this good feeling to the off-season, when tourists are few, the economy is less animated, and the central area is almost comatose after dark. The city aims to deliver this transformation with its smart city agenda.

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Within the last decades, universities are increasingly expected and measured by their direct engagement in collaborations beyond academia. Exploring the potential that lies in university-business collaborations, the present anthology attends to the dilemmas, dualities, and challenges that follow such collaborations, especially in the academic traditions of the social sciences and humanities.</P> <P>Each contribution investigates how the human perspective – a perspective that highlights how complex knowledge and a deep understanding of human everyday life – enriches companies’ processes, products, services, and ideas. Some chapters focus on collaborations between researchers and business practitioners, others focus on teaching examples involving students in the collaborative work with businesses and organisations, and again others contribute with more theoretical considerations.</P> <P>By gathering hands-on experiences, the book provides readers with inspirations, reflections on, and insights into university-business collaborations. This book, therefore, is intended for researchers within the humanities and social sciences, who want to get a deeper understanding of the practice of such collaborations.

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Este trabalho se divide em três partes. Na primeira, mostramos os componentes do complexo agroindustrial, com exceção dos produtores avícolas rurais. A análise mostra a articulação entre a instalação do complexo avícola com a importação de tecnologia dos países capitalistas avançados e a importância das multinacionais instaladas no país. Na segunda parte, analisamos as formas de relacionamento dos produtores rurais com as grandes empresas e setores do complexo agroindustrial. Finalmente, na terceira parte, estudamos as formas de representação política que caracterizam os diferentes setores integrantes do complexo avícola. [trecho retirado da introdução do livro]

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Does austerity aim to reduce the deficits or is it but a pretext to move the state backwards, demolishing in the process what remains of social programs? It would now be a good time recall Keynes who concluded his «General Theory» with a call for the «socialization» of investment – a business too serious to be left in the hands of financial markets.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2018: HSS Backlist Books

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Does austerity aim to reduce the deficits or is it but a pretext to move the state backwards, demolishing in the process what remains of social programs? It would now be a good time recall Keynes who concluded his «General Theory» with a call for the «socialization» of investment – a business too serious to be left in the hands of financial markets.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2018: HSS Backlist Books

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This book reflects on the innovations that central banks have introduced since the 2008 collapse of Lehman Brothers to improve their modes of intervention, regulation and resolution of financial markets and financial institutions. Authors from both academia and policy circles explore these innovations through four approaches: ‘Bank Capital Regulation’ examines the Basel III agreement; ‘Bank Resolution’ focuses on effective regimes for regulating and resolving ailing banks; ‘Central Banking with Collateral-Based Finance’ develops thought on the challenges that market-based finance pose for the conduct of central banking; and ‘Where Next for Central Banking’ examines the trajectory of central banking and its new, central role in sustaining capitalism.

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La mobilisation autour de la conférence Paris Climat 2015 (COP 21) a été l’occasion de mettre en relief la vulnérabilité des milieux et des populations du Sud face au réchauffement climatique. Certaines régions de la zone intertropicale en subissent déjà les effets, que ce soient les vagues de chaleur au Sahel, la perturbation des systèmes de mousson, la fonte des glaciers andins, les menaces sur la biodiversité, l’élévation du niveau des océans. Cet ouvrage en donne un aperçu synthétique décliné en trois temps : observer et comprendre le changement climatique, analyser ses principaux impacts en fonction des milieux, remettre les sociétés et les politiques publiques nationales au cœur du défi climatique. En insistant sur les capacités de résilience des populations et des écosystèmes face à l’évolution du climat, l’ouvrage explore les solutions conciliant atténuation du changement climatique et adaptation, préservation de l’environnement et réduction des inégalités.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched OpenEdition Books Select 2018: HSS Backlist Books

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La mobilisation autour de la conférence Paris Climat 2015 (COP 21) a été l’occasion de mettre en relief la vulnérabilité des milieux et des populations du Sud face au réchauffement climatique. Certaines régions de la zone intertropicale en subissent déjà les effets, que ce soient les vagues de chaleur au Sahel, la perturbation des systèmes de mousson, la fonte des glaciers andins, les menaces sur la biodiversité, l’élévation du niveau des océans. Cet ouvrage en donne un aperçu synthétique décliné en trois temps : observer et comprendre le changement climatique, analyser ses principaux impacts en fonction des milieux, remettre les sociétés et les politiques publiques nationales au cœur du défi climatique. En insistant sur les capacités de résilience des populations et des écosystèmes face à l’évolution du climat, l’ouvrage explore les solutions conciliant atténuation du changement climatique et adaptation, préservation de l’environnement et réduction des inégalités.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched OpenEdition Books Select 2018: HSS Backlist Books

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This book is a combination of innovative research submitted to a conference on Cities’ Identity Through Architecture and Arts (CITAA) whereas scholars from all over the world gather in one venue to discuss cultural, historical, and economic issues of the city. Thus, the book offers a collective and global solution that is applicable on a universal level. The research presented in this book was conducted by authors, or rather participants of the conference from, three different continents of the world and organized by IEREK. It was a distinct opportunity for them to share their thoughts with leading scholars and professionals in the field of Architecture, Arts, and Planning. The research and materials in this book are directed at those who are actively engaged in the decision-making processes and to a heterogeneous audience who has an interest to critically examine all the new literature available in the field. A special word of thanks should be made to the editors of this book and to all the authors and co-authors of the chapters who collectively provided the academic community with unique and increasingly valuable literature.

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This book is a combination of innovative research submitted to a conference on Cities’ Identity Through Architecture and Arts (CITAA) whereas scholars from all over the world gather in one venue to discuss cultural, historical, and economic issues of the city. Thus, the book offers a collective and global solution that is applicable on a universal level. The research presented in this book was conducted by authors, or rather participants of the conference from, three different continents of the world and organized by IEREK. It was a distinct opportunity for them to share their thoughts with leading scholars and professionals in the field of Architecture, Arts, and Planning. The research and materials in this book are directed at those who are actively engaged in the decision-making processes and to a heterogeneous audience who has an interest to critically examine all the new literature available in the field. A special word of thanks should be made to the editors of this book and to all the authors and co-authors of the chapters who collectively provided the academic community with unique and increasingly valuable literature.

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Classical Economics Today: Essays in Honor of Alessandro Roncaglia is a collection of essays that pays tribute to Alessandro Roncaglia whose research is based on Schumpeter’s dictum that good economics must encompass history, economic theory and statistics, and therefore does not generally take the form of elegant formal models that are applicable to all and everything. In this direction, Roncaglia is inspired by the Classical economists of the past and becomes a model for present-day Classical economists. A perceptible family air imbues the essays: all the contributors are friends of Roncaglia and see his personality and his interests as a common point of reference.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2019: HSS Backlist Books

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From its source in Sierra de Cazorla to its mouth in the Atlantic Ocean, the Guadalquivir River has been a feature of the identities of the communities settled around it throughout history. The resources provided by the river itself, its tributaries and its vast valley have contributed to the survival, well-being and development of different cultures. As a result of this relationship between people and terrain, various cultural landscapes have been created. However, the political, economic and health situation of recent years has threatened the sustainability of some of them, as well as its heritage, and in many cases they are condemned to abandonment and oblivion. The present monograph arose to reflect on this complex situation from multiple perspectives, including archaeology, the natural environment, didactics, new technologies and tourism. It is the result of collaboration by leading professionals and researchers from diverse academic fields. Together they aim to analyse various realities; to identify the heritage needs we face today; and to suggest proposals to (re)activate the cultural industries of the Guadalquivir Valley.

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Climate change is increasingly contested on financial terms. Different actors are advancing competing climate visions and interests by adopting financial positions. International institutions urge action by identifying financing gaps needed to meet climate targets. The finance sector claims it holds the key to unlocking money needed for climate investment. Activists expose greenwashing while using financial tactics to undermine fossil fuels. Vulnerable countries demand wealthy governments repay historical climate debts.This book offers an accessible and critical guide to the political economy and economic geography of climate finance. It identifies six competing ""positions"" of climate finance to make sense of the array of financial instruments, institutions and ideas that are remaking the relationship between capitalism and climate change. Using a wide range of case studies, from green bonds, to divestment, carbon offsetting, climate tech, central banks, and international climate funds, the authors show how climate finance is shaping our collective climate futures.

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Climate change is the biggest threat humanity faces. So big, in fact, that it is sometimes hard to know what each of us, as individuals, can do to counter it. Climate Solutions details the challenges, lays out the solutions and shows you which ones you can make part of your life. Written by experts at the EU climate bank, each chapter helps you figure out what you can do in areas that range from how you get around to what you eat, from protecting our oceans and rivers to ensuring that your digital devices do not damage the environment.

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Co-production and co-creation occur when citizens participate actively in delivering and designing the services they receive. It has come increasingly onto the agenda of policymakers, as interest in citizen participation has more generally soared. Expectations are high and it is regarded as a possible solution to the public sector’s decreased legitimacy and dwindling resources, by accessing more of society’s capacities. In addition, it is seen as part of a more general drive to reinvigorate voluntary participation and strengthen social cohesion in an increasingly fragmented and individualized society. Co-Production and Co-Creation: Engaging Citizens in Public Services offers a systematic and comprehensive theoretical and empirical examination of the concepts of co-production and co-creation and their application in practice. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest to students at an advanced level, academics and reflective practitioners. It addresses the topics with regard to co-production and co-creation and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of public administration, business administration, economics, political science, public management, political science, service management, sociology and voluntary sector studies.

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Co-production and co-creation occur when citizens participate actively in delivering and designing the services they receive. It has come increasingly onto the agenda of policymakers, as interest in citizen participation has more generally soared. Expectations are high and it is regarded as a possible solution to the public sector’s decreased legitimacy and dwindling resources, by accessing more of society’s capacities. In addition, it is seen as part of a more general drive to reinvigorate voluntary participation and strengthen social cohesion in an increasingly fragmented and individualized society. Co-Production and Co-Creation: Engaging Citizens in Public Services offers a systematic and comprehensive theoretical and empirical examination of the concepts of co-production and co-creation and their application in practice. It shows the latest state of knowledge on the topic and will be of interest to students at an advanced level, academics and reflective practitioners. It addresses the topics with regard to co-production and co-creation and will be of interest to researchers, academics, policymakers, and students in the fields of public administration, business administration, economics, political science, public management, political science, service management, sociology and voluntary sector studies.

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Commerce, finance and statecraft charts the emergence of new approaches to England's economic history in the historical writing of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The book explores the work of the period's most influential historians – among them Francis Bacon, William Camden, Paul de Rapin-Thoyras and David Hume – and shows how these writers, and their contemporaries, were engaged in a series of hotly contested, politically–charged debates concerning the management of England's commercial and financial interests.This book will be essential reading for historians and literary critics working on Restoration and eighteenth-century historical writing, and historians, economists, political scientists, and philosophers interested in historiographical theory.
This book is made open access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched KU Select 2019: HSS Backlist Books

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By 2050, three-quarters of the world’s 9.6-billion-strong population will be living in cities – inhabiting vibrant historic cores, commuting from new hinterlands via high-speed transit, or occupying informal urban settlements. Some cities will flourish while others will struggle to meet the demands of a growing population and a changing environment. It will take the collaborative expertise of various disciplines, gathered under the umbrella of good governance, to ensure our cities thrive in the future. Spencer de Grey, Head of Design at Foster + Partners, explores the role that architecture and urban design can play in this global endeavour. This is the tenth essay in the Big Ideas series created by the European Investment Bank. The EIB has invited international thought leaders to write about the most important issues of the day. These essays are a reminder that we need new thinking to protect the environment, promote equality and improve people’s lives around the globe.

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By 2050, three-quarters of the world’s 9.6-billion-strong population will be living in cities – inhabiting vibrant historic cores, commuting from new hinterlands via high-speed transit, or occupying informal urban settlements. Some cities will flourish while others will struggle to meet the demands of a growing population and a changing environment. It will take the collaborative expertise of various disciplines, gathered under the umbrella of good governance, to ensure our cities thrive in the future. Spencer de Grey, Head of Design at Foster + Partners, explores the role that architecture and urban design can play in this global endeavour. This is the tenth essay in the Big Ideas series created by the European Investment Bank. The EIB has invited international thought leaders to write about the most important issues of the day. These essays are a reminder that we need new thinking to protect the environment, promote equality and improve people’s lives around the globe.

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This book provides students with a clear and concise guide to studying undergraduate courses in qualitative consumer research and ethnography. The authors present the major qualitative research approaches used in consumer and marketing research as well as practical procedures and theoretical aspects of research design, report presentation etc. In addition to that a weekly study guide, including comprehensive reading lists, completes the book.

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